Readout fidelity of coaxial holographic digital data page recording in nanoparticle–(thiol–ene) polymer composites

We report on an experimental investigation of nanoparticle-concentration and thiol-to-ene stoichiometric ratio dependences of symbol error rates (SERs) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of digital data pages recorded at a wavelength of 532 nm in thiol–ene based nanoparticle–polymer composite (NPC) films by using a coaxial holographic digital data storage method. We show that SERs and SNRs at the optimized material condition can be lower than 1 × 10−4 and higher than 10, respectively, without error correction coding. These results show the usefulness of thiol–ene based NPCs as coaxial holographic data storage media

Theoretical model for modal dispersal of polarization information and its recovery by phase conjugation

A theoretical model is proposed for explaining the recently observed modal dispersal of polarization information and its recovery in an experiment in which the coupling dispersing fiber

Theory of polarization and spatial information recovery by modal dispersal and phase conjugation

A general theory of polarization and spatial information recovery by modal dispersal and phase conjugation is presented by means of a coherency matrix formalism. The theory is applied to a system that consists of a multimode modal-scrambling fiber terminated by a conventional phase-conjugate mirror that reflects only one polarization component. The degree of polarization and the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed field are discussed as a function of input-beam launching conditions. Some experimental results are also shown for comparison with the theory

Volume holographic recording in nanoparticle–polymer composites doped with multifunctional chain transfer agents

We report on an experimental investigation of the properties of volume holographic recording in photopolymerizable nanoparticle–polymer composites (NPCs) doped with chain transferring multifunctional di- and tri-thiols as chain transfer agents. It is shown that the incorporation of the multifunctional thiols into NPCs more strongly influences on volume holographic recording than that doped with mono-thiol since more chemical reactions involve in the polymer network formation. It is found that, as similar to the case of mono-thiol doping, there exist optimum concentrations of di- and tri-thiols for maximizing the saturated refractive index modulation. It is also seen that recording sensitivity monotonically decreases with an increase in multifunctional thiol concentration due to the partial inhibition of the photopolymerization event by excessive thiols

Demonstration of amplitude-distortion correction by modal dispersal and phase conjugation

We demonstrate experimentally and explain theoretically polarization-preserving imaging through a lossy amplitude-distorting medium. This is accomplished by propagating the beam, before its arrival at the lossy distorting medium, through a (multi) mode- and polarization-scrambling fiber and reflecting the signal, after it has passed the lossy distorting medium, from a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror

Polarization and spatial information recovery by modal dispersal and phase conjugation: properties and applications

We describe recent theoretical and experimental studies of polarization and spatial information recovery by modal dispersal and phase conjugation. We discuss the fidelity of this phase-conjugation process as a function of input-beam launching conditions. We also describe several new applications of the scheme which involve correction of nonreciprocal polarization distortions, correction of lossy amplitude distortions, phase-conjugate multimode fiber-optic interferometers and gyros, temporal data channeling between beams, and all-optical beam thresholding

Inhibitory effect of ribbon-type NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on osteoclast induction and activity in vitro and in vivo

In this study we examined the effect of ribbon-type (circular-type) NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (RNODN) on osteoclast induction and activity. We extracted bone marrow cells from the femurs of rats and incubated non-adherent cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). First, transfer efficiency into osteoclasts and their precursors, resistance to exonuclease, and binding activity of decoy to NF-κB were examined. Next, to examine the effect of RNODN on osteoclast induction and activity, osteoclast differentiation and pit formation assays were performed. RNODN were injected into the ankle joints of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Joint destruction and osteoclast activity were examined by histological study. The resistance of RNODN to exonuclease and their binding activity on NF-κB were both greater than those of phosphorothionated NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. The absolute number of multinucleate cells scoring positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was significantly decreased in the RNODN-treated group. The average calcified matrix resorbed area was significantly decreased in the RNODN-treated group. Histological study showed marked suppression of joint destruction and osteoclast activity by intra-articular injection of RNODN. These results suggest the inhibitory effect of RNODN on the induction and activity of osteoclasts. Direct intra-articular injection of RNODN into the joints may be an effective strategy for the treatment of arthritis